The visual center of the painting is the extraordinary variety of colors within the peony blossoms. Monet utilizes a rich palette of deep magentas, soft pinks, and brilliant yellows to represent the flowers. The sunlight filters through the atmosphere, creating a complex pattern of light across the blossoms and the lush green foliage. He avoids hard outlines, relying instead on the vibration of color against color to define the form of each bloom. This focus on the sensory 'impression' of the scene—capturing the vibrancy of the flowers before they withered—was a radical innovation in floral painting. The 'all-over' texture creates a shimmering surface that mimics the sensory experience of standing in a sun-drenched garden, feeling the warmth and vitality of the summer air.

Technically, Peony Garden showcases Monet’s mastery of texture and his move toward a more gestural style. He applied the paint in thick, rhythmic dabs of impasto, giving the floral clusters a tangible, sculptural presence. He avoids the use of black, using deep indigos and violets in the shadows to maintain the painting's overall luminosity. Historically, the garden paintings of the late 1880s reflect the stability and peace Monet found in Giverny after decades of struggle. These works were admired for their freshness and their decorative beauty, proving that even a simple floral border could be a subject of immense artistic weight. Today, held in major collections such as the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, and the Musée d'Orsay, the painting remains a beloved icon of Impressionism.